Involvement (being involved) – ORIGIN late Middle English (in the senses of enfold and entangle): from Latin involvere, from in– ‘into’ + volvere ‘to roll.’
Responsibility (being responsible) – ORIGIN late 16th cent. in the sense of answering to, corresponding: from obsolete French, from Latin respons– ‘answered, offered in return,’ from the verb respondere.
Absolution (being absolved) – ORIGIN late Middle English : from Latin absolvere ‘set free, acquit,’ from ab– ‘from’ + solvere ‘loosen.’
Alienation (being made an alien) – ORIGIN Middle English : via Old French from Latin alienus ‘belonging to another,’ from alius ‘other.’
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It is interesting to notice where in society a particular person sees himself as a participant in something to which he belongs versus where he sees himself acted upon by something apart from themselves (to slightly misuse Heidegger’s term, a “They”).
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It seems likely that what defines a person’s political stance on the legitimacy of economic versus political power to regulate collective action is his sense of competence or incompetence (and vulnerability) in the respective social sphere. A person is likely to take responsibility where he is confident of his abilities and to feel alienated where he lacks confidence. A crude typology, based on this framing:
- Economic monist: The person who regards himself as a participant in economic life (an employee or employer) but views political organization (government) as something alien which corrupts, oppresses and/or impinges.
- Political monist: The person who regards himself as a participant in political life (a citizen or activist, working at anything from the neighborhood to international scale) but views economic organization (often the corporation) as something alien which corrupts, oppresses and/or impinges.
- Social nihilist: The person who regards himself as an individual trying to live his own life with minimal economic and political impingement.
- Social pluralist: The person regards himself as a community leader, working politically and economically to control the condition of his own, his family’s and his community’s life.
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There are other examples of alienation. There are those who feel that history goes on entirely outside of themselves. There are also those who believe God is a being who exists outside of apart from themselves. Finally, some people think friend exists outside of and apart from themselves.